Minerals of Scotland

An Introduction to Collector Minerals of England
Derbyshire & The Pennines

Derbyshire - Classics & Varieties
Lancashire, Yorkshire & Midlands
Boulby Mine, Cleveland

including photographs of

Azurite - Barite - Barite ("Oakstone") - Boracite
Fluorite - Hilgardite - Sphalerite - Strontianite

   

 

Classic Minerals of DERBYSHIRE

The mid-Pennine orefield, centred around Derbyshire, is particularly well-known for its lead and fluorite deposits
which have been mined over a long period. Indeed, fluorspar (fluorite) continues to be extracted on a commercial basis.

Collector classics include specimens of calcite, galena and fluorite. The rare, secondary lead species,
matlockite and phosgenite from the famous Bage Mine near Matlock - type locality for both species -
have also made the area famous.

FLUORITE - Ladywash Mine, Eyam, Derbyshire.
Colourless, transparent cubic crystals to 15mms,
heavily laden with inclusions. (spec: c. 65x50mms).

BARITE - "Oakstone" variety.
Peak District, Derbyshire, England.

(polished slice, c 90 x55mms).

   

New finds of collector interest still take place. One such example is that of descloizite and vanadinite -
secondary vanadium species, uncommon to the British Isles.
And a few years ago, from Whitwell Quarry, near Worksop - just beyond the boundaries of Derbyshire -
a find yielded the best examples of the rare secondary lead species, scotlandite, mattheddleite, susannite and leadhillite
which rate well with their type-locality counterparts from Leadhills and Wanlockhead, in Scotland.

 

FLUORITE - Ladywash Mine, Eyam, Derbyshire.
A 4mm crystal showing a stepped growth pattern.

SPHALERITE - Ladywash Mine, Eyam, Derbyshire.
Black crystals to 3 mms on fluorite.

 

Unusual Varieties

As in Cumbria, some common, collector mineral species occur in unusual habits.
Specific varietal names have been rendered to these examples which have become known to collectors world-wide.

Examples include the rare colloidal/ botryoidal barite from near Middleton-by-Youlgreave, Derbyshire,
aptly named "Oakstone". Another is the banded variety of fluorite, known as "Blue John",
from near Castleton, in the Peak District of the Pennines.

Lancashire, Yorkshire & Midlands

Elsewhere, calcite specimens found at the Stank Mine are classics, while more recently, excellent strontianite from the north Yorkshire dales has been found.

The strontianite is probably the finest produced in the UK with excellent crystals occuring, often in radiating sprays. Originally found in the 19th century, the deposit appears to have been overlooked and only recently re-discovered.

Interesting specimens of fluorite, barite, azurite and malachite have also been recovered from the mines in the North Yorkshire Dales in recent years.

Further south are some interesting deposits: Mottram St. Anthony, near Manchester, has some rare micro species and is the type locality for mottramite. This site has been mined over a long period and probably from Roman times.

On the limits of the area, in the Midlands, mineral sites of note are Ecton in Staffordshire and Burgham in Shropshire. Copper and lead minerals found include chalcopyrite at the former, and pyromorphite, at the latter.

AZURITE

Great Sleddale Mine, Swaledale, N. Yorkshire.
Rich coating of azurite as micro-crystals and botryoidal aggregates. (spec:65x50mms).

   

STRONTIANITE
Gunnerside Gill, Swaledale, N. Yorkshire.

left: A group of radiating crystals (spec: 45x35mms).
above: A transparent crystal to 7mms.

 

BOULBY MINE, CLEVELAND

On the east coast, at Boulby in the Cleveland district, a sedimentary potash deposit currently being mined
has produced some excellent world class boracite crystals in recent years, as well as a few specimens
of the much rarer, associated borate minerals, hilgardite, trembathite and ericaite.

 

BORACITE - Boulby Mine, Loftus, Cleveland.
A 3mm composite crystal.

BORACITE - Boulby Mine, Loftus, Cleveland.
A 3mm cubo-octahedral crystal.

HILGARDITE - Boulby Mine, Loftus, Cleveland.
Nodule with a cavity of reddish xtls. on boracite (spec: 30x25mms).

HILGARDITE - Boulby Mine, Loftus, Cleveland
Small blades (flesh-coloured by hematite inclusions) on boracite.

   

the end

Weardale &
Alston Moor

West Cumbria & Caldbeck Fells

Cornwall, Devon & Southern England

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References/ Further Reading - some of the more recent magazine articles include -

Mineralogical Record
vol 23, no.5- Notes on the History of Phosgenite & Matlockite from Matlock, England. (1992). P.S. Burr.
vol 27, no.3- The Boulby Mine, Cleveland, England. (1996). D.I. Green & M.D. Freier.

UKJMM - (UK Journal of Mines & Minerals)
vol.12- pp 10-14- Oakstone & other Pseudostalactitic Barite from Derbyshire (1993). W.A.S. Sargeant & T.D. Ford.
vol 12- pp 16-21- Strontianite from Gunnerside Gill (N. Yorkshire). M. Wood (1993).
vol.13- special issue- Minerals of the Peak District (Derbyshire) (1993).
vol.14- pp. 4-7. Boracite nodules from Boulby Mine (Cleveland). (1994). D.I. Green & M.D. Freier.
vol.15- pp. 30-35. Supergene Minerals of the Waterbank Mine, Ecton, Staffordshire. (1995). S.A. Rust.
vol. 27, pp. 11-14. Unusual Banded Barite from Barras End Mine, Swaledale, North Yorkshire. P. Briscoe. (2006).

Journal of the Russell Society
vol. 5- pp 91-102. Mineralogy of the Alderley Edge-Mottram St. Andrew area, Cheshire, England. (1994). R.S.W. Braithwaite.

© Minerals of Scotland - 2008.